Lexikon
urface water on the landward side of a line, every point of which is at a distance of one nautical mile on the seaward side from the nearest point of the baseline from which the breadth of territorial waters is measured, extending where appropriate up to the outer limit of transitional waters.
common technical specification is a technical specification drawn up in accordance with a procedure recognized by the Member States with a view to uniform application in all Member States and published in the Official Journal of the European Communities.
Source: Council Directive 93/38/EEC of 14 June 1993 coordinating the procurement procedures of entities operating in the water, energy, transport and telecommunications sectors.
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31993L0038:EN:HTML
under REACH "component" is an individual chemical substance in a mixture of chemicals or in a product.
Source: REACH
composite sample is a combination of multiple individual samples taken at pre-selected times to represent the integrated composition of the wastewater being sampled. Usually all samples added to the composites are equal in size, but flow-proportional composite samples collect amounts proportional to flow.
Composting as a recognized practice dates to at least the early Roman era since Pliny the Elder (AD 23-79) who refers to compost in his writings. Traditionally, composting was to pile organic materials until the next planting season, at which time the materials would be ready for soil application. The main advantage of this method is that little working time or effort is required from the composter and it fits in naturally with agricultural practices in temperate climates. Disadvantages (from the modern perspective) are that space is used for a whole year, some nutrients might be leached due to exposure to rainfall, and disease producing organisms, some weed, weed seeds and insects may not be adequately controlled.
Composting was somewhat modernized beginning in the 1920s in Europe as a tool for organic farming.The first industrial station for the transformation of urban organic materials into compost was set up in Wels/Austria in the year 1921 The early personages most cited for propounding composting within farming are for the German-speaking world Rudolf Steiner, founder of a farming method called biodynamics, and Annie Francé-Harrar, who was appointed on behalf of the government in Mexico and supported the country 1950–1958 to set up a large humus organization in the fight against erosion and soil degradation. In the English-speaking world it was Sir Albert Howard who worked extensively in India on sustainable practices and Lady Eve Balfour who was a huge proponent of composting.
There are many modern proponents of rapid composting which attempt to correct some of the perceived problems associated with traditional, slow composting. Many advocate that compost can be made in 2 to 3 weeks.Many such short processes involve a few changes to traditional methods, including smaller, more homogenized pieces in the compost, controlling carbon to nitrogen (CN) ratio at 30 to 1 or less, and monitoring the moisture level more carefully. However, none of these parameters differ significantly from early writings of Howard and Balfour, suggesting that in fact modern composting has not made significant advances over the traditional methods which take a few months to work. For this reason and others, many modern scientists who deal with carbon transformations are sceptical that there is a "super-charged" way to get nature to make compost rapidly. They also point to the fact that it is the structure of the natural molecules - such as carbohydrates, proteins, and cellulose - that really dictate the rate at which microbial-mediated transformations are possible.
Sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compost
conservation status of a natural habitat is the sum of the influences acting on a natural habitat and its typical species that may affect its long-term natural distribution, structure and functions as well as the long-term survival of its typical species within the territory referred to in Article 2. The conservative status of a natural habitat will be taken as "favourable" when its natural range and areas it covers within that range are stable or increasing, and the specific structure and functions which are necessary for its long-term maintenance exist and are likely to continue to exist for the foreseeable future, and the conservation status of its typical species is favourable as defined in 92/43.
Source: Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora.
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31992L0043:EN:html
conservation status of a species means the sum of the influences acting on the species concerned that may affect the long-term distribution and abundance of its populations within the territory referred to in Article 2;
The conservation status will be taken as "favourable" when:
- population dynamics data on the species concerned indicate that it is maintaining itself on a long-term basis as a viable component of its natural habitats, and
- the natural range of the species is neither being reduced nor is likely to be reduced for the foreseeable future, and
- there is, and will probably continue to be, a sufficiently large habitat to maintain its populations on a long-term basis.
Source: Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora.
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31992L0043:EN:html
REACH requires that manufacturers/importers of the same substance cooperate jointly in preparing a submission, by sharing data and costs. Consortia are an efficient form of cooperation for potential registrants of a substance or group of substances to fulfil the REACH requirements in time.
ReachCentrum manages a large number of REACH consortia. ReachCentrum Consortium Management Services are designed for companies preparing, forming and operating REACH consortia. A good management practice is able to simplify the processes of forming and maintaining REACH consortia with the focus on meeting the REACH registration deadlines in time and cost efficiently.
a constitution is a set of fundamental principles according to which a state or other organization is governed.
separate liquid phase of a non-water-soluble organic contaminant in surface and subsurface waters, sediments and soils.
treshhold concentration of chemical substances, which poses unacceptable risk in environmnetal compartment, food or cosmetics, etc. Limit values of environmental compartments depend on their use.
contaminant concentration or level in the surface waters on the effect of discharge of contaminants or contaminating agents into surface waters.
control sample is a sample with pre-determined characteristics which undergoes sample processing identical to that carried out for test samples and that is used as a basis for comparison with test samples. Examples of control samples include reference materials, spiked test samples, method blanks, dilution water (as used in toxicological testing), and control cultures (i.e., samples of known biological composition).
control site sample, also known as “background sample”. These are samples of the media similar to the test sample matrix and are taken near to the time and place where the analytes of interest may exist at background levels. Usually the frequency of their analysis should be equivalent to that of the reagent blank. They are used to demonstrate whether the site is contaminated or truly different from the norm. Some sort of background sample is always necessary for a valid scientific comparison of samples suspected of containing environmental contaminants. Control site samples may further be differentiated as “local control site” and “area control sites” samples.
Coordination of Information on the Environment
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Coordination_of_Information_on_the_Environment
corrective action in environmental management means the process, when failure occurs, of investigation, correction and institution of preventative measures to preclude the recurrence of failure. An important component of corrective action is documentation of both problem and remedial measures taken.