Lexikon

See: Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC)

Information Technology

a group of companies formed together for the purpose of joint submission of registration in accordance with REACH Article 11.
(Source: REACH)

Joint Photographic Experts Group

the karst is an underground or above ground landscape shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite in the cavity of which water is circulating. The water source is generally rain water infiltrated from the surface. The karstification of a landscape may result in a variety of large or small scale features both on the surface and beneath. Karst landforms are generally the result of mildly acidic water acting on soluble bedrock such as limestone or dolostone. The carbonic acid that causes these features is formed as rain passes through the atmosphere picking up CO₂, which dissolves in the water. The karst has an important role is the formation and transmission on mineral waters. In Hungary for example the rain water infiltrated through the karst surface of the Northern mountains supply partly the drinking water in the wells of the Great Hungarian Plain area.

conversion of kilogram to other mass units:

conversion of kilometer:

a knowledge base is a special kind of database for knowledge management, providing the means for the computerized collection, organization, and retrieval of knowledge. Also a collection of data representing related experiences, their results are related to their problems and solutions.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_base

different systems of classification and labelling C&L of chemicals are currently used throughout the world. The same substance may be classified as “toxic” in the United States, “harmful” in the European Union and “not dangerous” in China. To eliminate these disparities and to reinforce protection for people and the environment in all countries, it was decided to develop a Globally Harmonised classification and labelling System GHS under the aegis of the United Nations. The GHS was formally adopted in 2002 by the United Nations Economic and Social Committee UN ECOSOC and revised in 2005 and 2007.
It aims to improve the communication on hazards for workers, consumers, emergency responders and in transport, via harmonised labels and where relevant, harmonised safety data sheets.
European Commission adopted in late 2008 the so called "CLP" regulation EC No 1272/2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of hazardous substances and mixtures, which will replace in the medium term the current system.
This regulation takes into account the classification criteria and labelling rules of the GHS but it is also built on the 40 years of experience obtained through implementation of existing Community chemicals legislation.

Source: REACH, http://www.prc.cnrs-gif.fr/reach/en/classification.html

Animal experimentation is used for the development of new chemicals or medicines, for physiological studies, for studying environmental effects or for testing new food additives.The protection and welfare of animals is an area covered by a wide range of EU legislation. These include wildlife, zoo animals, farm animals, animals in transport and also animals used in scientific experiments. EU legislation on the protection of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes is covered by Directive 86/609/EEC.

The 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam obliges the EU and its Member States to take animal welfare considerations into account in a number of policy areas and also in the practice by developing and using alternatíve testing methods instead of animal experiments.

The most pragmatic approach to reduce experiments on animals is the replacement of animal testing. Whenever replacement is not possible, all efforts should be made to apply those methods which use fewer animals and which cause least harm to the animals.

The replacement may happen by in vitro methods, which use living cells or tissue cultures instead of animals or by the application of mathematical methods, like QSAR.

the lactose operon contains three structural genes that code for enzymes involved in lactose metabolism.

• lac z gene codes for β-galactosidase, an enzyme that breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose
• lac y gene codes for a permease, which is involved in uptake of lactose
• lac a gene codes for a galactose transacetylase.

These genes are transcribed from a common promoter into a polycistronic mRNA, which is translated to yield the three enzymes.

body of standing inland surface water.

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